Imaging

T1ρ shows promise for possible utility in translational study of cartilage health and warrant further development in this species.

The craniocaudal projection using a horizontal radiographical beam was more accurate than the standard craniocaudal projection for measurement of the true anatomical dimensions of the canine femur.

This method can be used to detect injury such as partial ligament tears, and to visualize maturity-related changes in the collagen structure of tendons.

Breed studies should be performed to determine a breed-specific patellar-thickness/trochlear-depth ratio.

These findings may help guide future studies of alternatives for optimizing canine pelvic anatomy to minimize the risk of hip dysplasia and associated osteoarthritis.

The method of stifle exploration during TPLO influences the postoperative radiographic appearance of the patellar tendon and may contribute to patellar tendinopathy.

The results of this study do not provide evidence to support the routine use of LIPUS after TPLO or other stable osteotomies in dogs.

Radiographs overestimate the time needed for osseous union of the osteotomy gap. All osteotomy sites healed radiographically within 3 months.

The ratios of the muscle widths may be used as reference values to assess muscular atrophy or hypertrophy in cases of bilateral or unilateral orthopaedic diseases of the pelvic limbs.

The study shows that FHNO could lead to severe functional deficits in large breed dogs. An extensive follow-study is necessary to more accurately determine the frequency of such complications.