Distal Extremities

Interactions between the canine immune system and OSA warrant additional study.

Prospective studies using objective outcome measures evaluating surgical management of PAOD are necessary to confirm the provided information.

The prognosis for return to athletic functions in horses with osseous trauma within the proximal aspect of the PP is guarded.

Three-dimensional carpal kinematic analyses may improve our understanding of carpal injury and facilitate the development of novel treatments techniques.

The use of 3 short LCP should be considered as a strategy to facilitate pancarpal or partial carpal arthrodesis

Distal ostectomies may include part of the manus during limb salvage surgery of locally extensive distal radial osteosarcoma and using an endoprosthesis implant to reconstruct the defect.

Distal ostectomies may include part of the manus during limb salvage surgery of locally extensive distal radial osteosarcoma and using an endoprosthesis implant to reconstruct the defect.

To our knowledge, this is the first report of the Papineau technique being used for this purpose in a dog.

Conventional bone plates are suitable choices for stabilisation of distal radius and ulna fractures in toy breed dogs and are not necessarily correlated with high rates of complication.

There is individual variation in the optimal attachment site combination and stifle angle for suture placement, which may influence consistency of outcomes with extra-capsular stabilizing suture